Polyp of the cervical canal – causes, removal of cervical polyp

Cervical polyps are tumors located on a broad base or on stalks, consisting of columnar epithelium in the internal environment, growing into the lumen of the cervix. The main symptom is severe leukorrhea, bleeding after intercourse and causing pain in the lower abdomen. Treatment is carried out only by surgery.

What are cervical polyps

Polyps are found in 20-25% of women with benign cervical tumors. After removal they may appear again. Pathology refers to background processes that increase the risk of developing cervical cancer. Therefore, when diagnosing tumors, constant supervision by a gynecologist is necessary.

Types of polyps:

• Fiber. A densely structured structure consisting of fibrous tissue attached to the legs. It is detected mainly in women after menopause;
• Glands. It consists of columnar epithelium and is prone to degeneration into malignant tumors. Due to its soft structure, it is often injured;
• Glandular fibers. Often grows on a broad base. May degenerate into cancer;
• Desmoplastic membranes. Polyps appear only in pregnant women, consist of the mucous membrane of the decubitus and disappear after childbirth. They are small in size and do not affect the pregnancy process;
• Adenomas. Polyps containing atypical cells are a precancerous condition;
• Granules. The result of damage to the cervix. They often bleed and cause inflammation.

Polyps are oval or round, measuring 0. 2-30-40 mm. Without timely treatment, complications often occur. Negative consequences are anemia and inflammation of the pelvic organs.

Causes of polyps in the cervical canal

The exact cause of cervical canal polyps is not fully understood. In most cases, this problem occurs in women over 40 years of age.

Irritating factors:

• High estrogen levels;
• Age-related changes;
• Malfunction of the immune system;
• Frequent stress;
• The presence of an intrauterine device;
• Mechanical damage to the cervix during childbirth; abortion; diagnostic procedures;
• Endocrine disorders – diabetes, obesity, thyroid dysfunction;
• Chronic endobacterial encephalitis, endometritis, enteritis, vulvovaginitis;
• Genetic predisposition;
• Frequent change of sexual partners who neglect barrier contraception;
• Early sexual activity;
• Multiple births.

70% of cervical polyps are detected in combination with cervical dysfunction, fibroids, cysts or ovaries, erosion or pseudo-erosion of endometriosis. The disease often develops against the background of an imbalance in the vaginal microflora due to sexually transmitted infections.

How does the disease manifest itself?

Since the pathology develops without noticeable symptoms, polyps are often discovered by chance, solitary and small in size. Clinical signs begin to appear after injury, against the background of infectious or inflammatory processes.

Characteristic symptoms:

• Discomfort, nagging pain in the lower abdomen;
• Serous and serous-genital vaginal discharge;
• Intertracheal bleeding;
• Contact statement.

In the presence of concomitant diseases, the menstrual cycle is disrupted and fertility problems arise. There is rarely a possibility of polyps degenerating into a malignant formation.

Cervical polyps are dangerous for pregnant women. Reflex irritation of the cervix increases the risk of miscarriage. Other pregnancy complications include supercervical insufficiency, low placentation, and infection of the cervix, amniotic fluid, and membranes.

Polyp detection methods

Polyps are detected using visual diagnostic methods.

• Colposcopy or cervicoscopy. They allow you to detect small polyps and study the structure of the formation. They allow you to see signs of inflammation and necrosis, ulcers and changes in the tissues of the cervix;
• Gynecological ultrasound examination. Prescribed to exclude endometrial polyps in the uterus;
• Knife biopsy of the cervix. The obtained biological material is sent for histology;
• Before surgery, a smear is analyzed to identify pathological microorganisms. If an infection is detected, antiviral, antibacterial and antimicrobial therapy is first carried out.

During a gynecological examination with the help of a speculator, the doctor corrects the dilatation, which is a thickening of the cervix. A bright pink, round or ugly polyp protrudes from outside the cervix. If the layers are covered with stratified epithelium, they are white. If blood circulation is impaired, the growths acquire a purple or burgundy color.

Treatment methods

Conservative methods are ineffective in identifying cervical polyps. Necessary removal of cervical polyp

stages of polypectomy – the classic method of polyp removal:

• Draw the cervix using a mirror;
• Grasp the polyp with the end clamp;
• Removal by movement to be removed;
• Curse of the cervix for complete removal of the polyp stalk;
• In addition, radiofrequency or cryogenic methods are used to treat the polyp bed.

If the polyp is located near the external pharynx, a catgut suture is applied if the layer has been cleared. Growths in the upper part of the cervical canal are removed under histological control. Biological material is sent for histology to confirm a benign formation. Then anti-inflammatory or hormonal drugs are prescribed.

In addition to polypectomy, polyps are also removed by other methods. Cryodestruction – baking the growth with liquid nitrogen. After this, the layer disappears. Laser removal is one of the newest methods for removing polyps of any size. Using a laser, intact growths in healthy tissue are precisely burned away. Radiofrequency coagulation is a safe and gentle method. Blood vessels quickly dilute, and the development of secondary infectious processes is excluded.

Due to the frequent recurrence of polyps, conical amputation of the cervix is ​​performed. The cone around the external os and part of the cervix are removed. This surgery is performed to reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer. The tissue is excised with a scalpel or using ultrasound, laser, electrical or radiofrequency energy. During pregnancy, if the size of the growth exceeds 10 mm, the polyp is removed, and the formation grows rapidly, bleeds and has signs of necrosis or tissue degeneration.

After the operation, I have been bothered by bloody spotting for several days. During the month, polyps, sexual intercourse, visiting swimming pools, saunas, baths, active training and excessive physical activity are contraindicated.

To avoid the appearance of polyps, you should visit a gynecologist once or twice a year. Diseases of the reproductive and genitourinary systems and endocrine organs should be treated promptly to reduce the risk of cervical injury. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can help avoid complications.